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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_0_0 | A government affidavit in 2006 stated that the leak caused 558,125 injuries , including 38,478 temporary partial injuries and approximately 3,900 severely and permanently disabling injuries . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_1_0 | The Indian government and local activists argue that slack management and deferred maintenance created a situation where routine pipe maintenance caused a backflow of water into a MIC tank triggering the disaster . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_2_0 | The UCIL factory was built in 1969 to produce the pesticide Sevin ( UCC 's brand name for carbaryl ) using methyl isocyanate ( MIC ) as an intermediate . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_3_0 | In a panic , he removed his mask , inhaling a large amount of phosgene gas which resulted in his death 72 hours later . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_4_0 | In August 1982 , a chemical engineer came into contact with liquid MIC , resulting in burns over 30 percent of his body . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_5_0 | Medical staff were unprepared for the thousands of casualties . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_6_0 | 170,000 people were treated at hospitals and temporary dispensaries ; 2,000 buffalo , goats , and other animals were collected and buried . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_7_0 | Despite safety precautions such as having water carrying helicopters continually overflying the plant , this led to a second mass evacuation from Bhopal . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_8_0 | This move blocked plaintiffs ' motions for class certification and claims for property damages and remediation . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_9_0 | A government affidavit in 2006 stated the leak caused 558,125 injuries including 38,478 temporary partial injuries and approximately 3,900 severely and permanently disabling injuries . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_10_0 | 152 of the planned 200 work sheds were built and in 2000 , 16 were partially functioning . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_11_0 | The government also planned 2,486 flats in two - and four-story buildings in what is called the `` widow 's colony '' outside Bhopal . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_12_0 | The final compensation , including interim relief for personal injury was for the majority . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_13_0 | The `` Corporate Negligence '' point of view argues that the disaster was caused by a potent combination of under-maintained and decaying facilities , a weak attitude towards safety , and an undertrained workforce , culminating in worker actions that inadvertently enabled water to penetrate the MIC tanks in the absence... | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_14_0 | Factors cited include the filling of the MIC tanks beyond recommended levels , poor maintenance after the plant ceased MIC production at the end of 1984 , allowing several safety systems to be inoperable due to poor maintenance , and switching off safety systems to save money -- including the MIC tank refrigeration sys... | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_15_0 | Kurzman argues that `` cuts ... meant less stringent quality control and thus looser safety rules . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_16_0 | The factory was not well equipped to handle the gas created by the sudden addition of water to the MIC tank . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_17_0 | In addition to it , carbon steel valves were used at the factory , even though they were known to corrode when exposed to acid . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_18_0 | Now owned by Dow Chemical Company , Union Carbide maintains a website dedicated to the tragedy and claims that the incident was the result of sabotage , stating that sufficient safety systems were in place and operative to prevent the intrusion of water . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_19_0 | This water was diverted due to a combination of improper maintenance , leaking and clogging , and eventually ended up in the MIC storage tank . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_20_0 | The corporation denied the claim that the valves on the tank were malfunctioning , and claimed that the documented evidence gathered after the incident showed that the valve close to the plant 's water-washing operation was closed and was leak-tight . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_21_0 | They also developed a Responsible Care system with other members of the chemical industry as a response to the Bhopal crisis , which was designed to help prevent such an event in the future . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_22_0 | Contamination at the site and surrounding area was not caused by the gas leakage . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_23_0 | UCC 's laboratory tests in 1989 revealed that soil and water samples collected from near the factory were toxic to fish . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_24_0 | In 2002 , The Yes Men issued a fake press release explaining why Dow refused to take responsibility for the disaster and started up a website , at `` DowEthics.com '' , designed to look like the real Dow website , but containing hoax information . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_25_0 | This caused a chemical reaction which resulted in the buildup of much Carbon dioxide , among other things . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_26_0 | Between 3,500 and 25,000 people died as a result of contact with the cloud of toxic gas . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_27_0 | The inter-plate relative motion caused large scale structural deformation inside the Asian continent , resulting in a thinning crust of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau , the uplift of its landscape and an eastward extrude . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_28_0 | The earthquake occurred as the result of motion on a northeast striking reverse fault or thrust fault on the northwestern margin of the Sichuan Basin . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_29_0 | The earthquake 's epicenter and focal-mechanism are consistent with it having occurred as the result of movement on the Longmenshan fault or a tectonically related fault . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_30_0 | The earthquake reflects tectonic stresses resulting from the convergence of crustal material slowly moving from the high Tibetan Plateau , to the west , against strong crust underlying the Sichuan Basin and southeastern China . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_31_0 | On a continental scale , the seismicity of central and eastern Asia is a result of northward convergence of the Indian Plate against the Eurasian Plate with a velocity of about 50 mm/y . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_32_0 | Earthquakes of this size have the potential to cause extensive damage and loss of life . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_33_0 | The seismicity of central and eastern Asia is caused by the northward movement of the India plate at a rate of 5 cm/year and its collision with Eurasia , resulting in the uplift of the Himalaya and Tibetan plateaux and associated earthquake activity . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_34_0 | In August 1933 , the magnitude 7.5 Diexi earthquake , about 90 km northeast of today 's earthquake , destroyed the town of Diexi and surrounding villages , and caused many landslides , some of which dammed the rivers . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_35_0 | One SilkAir flight was diverted and landed in Kunming as a result . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_36_0 | Cathay Pacific delayed both legs of its quadruple daily Hong Kong to London route due to this disruption in air traffic services . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_37_0 | All of the highways into Wenchuan , and others throughout the province , were damaged , resulting in delayed arrival of the rescue troops . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_38_0 | Immediately after the earthquake event , mobile and terrestrial telecommunications were cut to the affected and surrounding area , with all internet capabilities cut to the Sichuan area too . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_39_0 | China Mobile had more than 2,300 base stations suspended due to power disruption or severe telecommunication traffic congestion . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_40_0 | According to Chinese state officials , the quake caused 69,180 known deaths including 68,636 in Sichuan province ; 18,498 people are listed as missing , and 374,176 injured , but these figures may further increase as more reports come in . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_41_0 | In terms of school casualties , thousands of school children died due to shoddy construction . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_42_0 | Reginald DesRoches , a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Georgia Tech , pointed out that the massive damage of properties and houses in the earthquake area was because China did not create an adequate seismic design code until after the devastating 1976 Tangshan earthquake . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_43_0 | Pingwu County and Beichuan County , Sichuan , also northeast of Wenchuan and close to the epicenter of a 7.2 Ms earthquake in 1976 , suffered a 6.1 Ms aftershock ( 5.7 Mw according to USGS ) on August 1 ; it caused 2 deaths , 345 injuries , collapse of 707 homes , damages to over 1,000 homes , and blocked of country ro... | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_44_0 | However , the Red Cross Society of China said that ( on May 13 ) `` it was inconvenient currently due to the traffic problem to the hardest hit areas closest to the epicenter . '' | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_45_0 | By May 15 , Premier Wen Jiabao ordered the deployment of an additional 90 helicopters , of which 60 were to be provided by the PLAAF , and 30 were to be provided by the civil aviation industry , bringing the total of number of aircraft deployed in relief operations by the air force , army , and civil aviation to over 1... | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_46_0 | Approval from mainland Chinese authorities was sought , and the chartered flight departed Taipei at 17:00 CST , May 15 and arrived in Chengdu by 20:30 CST . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_47_0 | As a result of the magnitude 7.9 earthquake and the many strong aftershocks , many rivers became blocked by large landslides , which resulted in the formation of `` quake lakes '' behind the blockages ; these massive amounts of water were pooling up at a very high rate behind the natural landslide dams and it was feare... | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_48_0 | As of May 27 , 2008 , 34 lakes had formed due to earthquake debris blocking and damming rivers , and it was estimated that 28 of them were still of potential danger to the local people . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_49_0 | The most precarious of these quake-lakes was the one located in the extremely difficult terrain at Mount Tangjia in Beichuan County , Sichuan , accessible only by foot or air ; an Mi-26T heavy lift helicopter belonging to the China Flying Dragon Special Aviation Company was used to bring heavy earthmoving tractors to t... | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_50_0 | Although the Chinese government was initially praised for its response to the quake ( especially in comparison to Myanmar 's ruling military junta 's blockade of aid during Cyclone Nargis ) , it then saw an erosion in confidence over the school construction scandal . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_51_0 | Schools in poor areas have small budgets and , unlike schools in the cities , they ca n't collect huge fees , so they 're pressed for money . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_52_0 | During that time he obtained more than 400,000 yuan ( US$ 60,000 ) from the county education department , money used to widen and strengthen concrete pillars and the balcony railing of all four storeys of his school , as well as secure its concrete floors . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_53_0 | However questions still remain , as some of the corrupt government officials have still not been brought to justice , while the many families who lost their only child , are still seeking compensation and justice to what had happened . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_54_0 | Following the quake , experts and the general public sought information on whether or not the earthquake could have been predicted in advance , and whether or not studying statistics related to the quake could result in better prediction of earthquakes in the future . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_55_0 | The earthquake also provided opportunities for researchers to retrofit data in order to model future earthquake predictions . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_56_0 | Chengdu airport reopened as the airport was used for relief operations . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_57_0 | China Mobile had lost more than 2,300 base stations due to lack of power and too many phone calls . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_58_0 | About 2,000 troops were sent to Zipingpu , to try and release the pressure through spillway . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_59_0 | This was different to Myanmar 's secretive response to Cyclone Nargis , which struck the country 10 days before the earthquake . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_60_0 | Air defense , police and fire sirens , and the horns of vehicles , vessels and trains sounded . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_61_0 | During January 2011 , the Philippine Atmospheric , Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration predicted that between twenty and twenty-three tropical cyclones were likely to develop and/or enter the Philippine area of responsibility during 2011 . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_62_0 | TSR revised its initial prediction during May and subsequently predicted that 28.0 tropical storms , 17.7 typhoons , 7.6 `` intense '' typhoons and an ACE index of about 266 . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_63_0 | On August 4 , TSR subsequently slightly revised these predictions within its final update for 2011 to 28.2 tropical storms , 17.9 typhoons , 8.0 `` intense '' typhoons and an ACE index of about 281 . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_64_0 | Over the next couple of days the depression gradually developed further in an area of low vertical windshear before it was declared a tropical depression by the JMA and the JTWC during May 6 . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_65_0 | The JTWC then reported later that day that the depression had intensified into a tropical storm with windspeeds of 65 km/h ( 40 mph ) , however it later reported that it had overestimated the windspeeds and consequently lowered the storm 's status to a tropical depression , based on observations from Yap island . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_66_0 | Egay continued to develop during June 17 , as it moved towards the northeast , and on June 18 , the JTWC reported that Egay had intensified into a tropical storm . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_67_0 | In North Korea , heavy rains from the storm caused widespread flooding and damage . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_68_0 | However by this time Tokage was already interacting with Typhoon Ma-on , with Ma-on 's outflow exposing Tokage 's low level circulation center , and displacing convection to the west . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_69_0 | Later that day , the storm strengthened over land and headed north towards Hainan 's provincial capital region Haikou . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_70_0 | About 26 domestic flights were cancelled from July 26 to 27 due to heavy rains and strong winds . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_71_0 | Due to the southwest monsoon enhanced by Muifa , it caused heavy rains in several parts of Luzon including Metro Manila . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_72_0 | The system intensified rapidly and just 6 hours later , the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm , naming it `` Merbok '' . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_73_0 | On August 27 , five people died after Nanmadol caused landslides . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_74_0 | On September 5 , after it had peaked in intensity , a fresh Tutt cell developed over the system and started to inhibit outflow and shear the convection away , which meant as a result that the system started to weaken . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_75_0 | Over the next two days , the system drifted north and developed a well defined LLCC with organized convective banding , prompting the JMA to upgrade the low pressure area to a tropical depression . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_76_0 | Also , high sea-surface temperatures and very low wind shear caused the system to undergo rapid deepening , prior to which , the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm and named it `` Kulap '' . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_77_0 | Also , Kulap was located beneath a tropical upper tropospheric trough ( TUTT cell ) that caused subsidence . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_78_0 | A mid-level subtropical steering ridge caused Kulap to track in a northwestward direction . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_79_0 | In an advisory , the JTWC reported that there were at least two more vortices associated with the system , that caused an abrupt , erratic movement . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_80_0 | On September 19 , Sonca reached a peak intensity of ( 1-min mean ) and ( 10-min mean ) and soon the convection around the northern periphery started weakening . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_81_0 | The system rapidly deepened and quickly developed a ragged eye and mesoscale anticyclone aloft generating an exceptionally excellent all-around outflow . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_82_0 | Though the system has maintained overall central deep convection , subsidence persisted along the northwest quadrant which caused further drop in wind speed . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_83_0 | Later that day , the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert stating that the low could develop into a tropical cyclone . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_84_0 | Later that day , the storm developed a better organized , however the system 's low level circulation center ( LLCC ) became fully exposed due to moderate vertical wind shear from the nearby system , Typhoon Nesat , which also caused the storm to remained very weak with winds of just . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_85_0 | Due to land interaction and colder sea surface temperature in the South China Sea , the JMA downgraded Nalgae to a severe tropical storm on October 2 , and then a tropical storm late on October 3 . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_86_0 | Although first feared that Nalgae would cause much more damage to Luzon , which was severely affected by Typhoon Nesat , damage from the storm was not as anticipated to be lighter than Typhoon Nesat , which ironically is much weaker than Nalgae , but high winds and heavy rains from the storm caused widespread power out... | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_87_0 | Despite being predicted to intensify into a tropical storm after being designated , the depression moved towards the northwest and rapidly deteriorated as it interacted with the cold and dry north-easterlies , as a result the JTWC issued their final warning on the system early on December 5 . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_88_0 | On December 11 , the JTWC cancelled the TCFA on the disturbance due to the interaction with the cold air coming from the north . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_89_0 | While the Philippine Atmospheric , Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration assigns names to tropical cyclones which move into or form as a tropical depression in their area of responsibility located between 135 ° E and 115 ° E and between 5 ° N-25 ° N even if the cyclone has had an international name assig... | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_90_0 | The names of significant tropical cyclones are retired , by both PAGASA and the Typhoon Committee . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_91_0 | The Philippine Atmospheric , Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration ( PAGASA ) announced that the names `` Bebeng '' , `` Juaning '' , `` Mina '' , `` Pedring '' were retired from PAGASA 's list of local names after they each caused over 1 billion PHP in damages to the Philippines during 2011 . PAGASA sel... | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_92_0 | On May 4 and July 5 , 2011 , the GCACIC issued forecasts which predicted the amount of tropical cyclones , tropical storms and typhoons there would be during 2011 as well as for how many tropical cyclones will make landfall on China or pass within 100 km ( 60 mi ) of the Korean Peninsula or Japan . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_92_1 | On May 4 and July 5 , 2011 , the GCACIC issued forecasts which predicted the amount of tropical cyclones , tropical storms and typhoons there would be during 2011 as well as for how many tropical cyclones will make landfall on China or pass within 100 km ( 60 mi ) of the Korean Peninsula or Japan . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_92_2 | On May 4 and July 5 , 2011 , the GCACIC issued forecasts which predicted the amount of tropical cyclones , tropical storms and typhoons there would be during 2011 as well as for how many tropical cyclones will make landfall on China or pass within 100 km ( 60 mi ) of the Korean Peninsula or Japan . | [] |
altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_93_0 | However it remained almost stationary by afternoon due to the influence of high pressure in the northeast of the system . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_94_0 | The storm strengthened so rapidly , and the JTWC reported that the storm 's peak winds were reaching 140 kn , as it strengthened into a Category 5 Typhoon . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_95_0 | Late on that day , the system started showing extratropical characteristics as the convection near the eye dissipated rapidly . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_96_0 | Also , Kulap was beneath a tropical upper tropospheric trough ( TUTT cell ) that caused subsidence . | [
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altlex_altlex_gold.tsv_97_0 | Over the next two days , the system gradually drifted west and intensified slightly , prompting the JTWC to issue a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert ( TCFA ) on it . | [] |
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
This repository integrates the AltLex corpus into hf datasets. Please find the original dataset here. We used the UniCausal reformatting of the data as the basis for this repository. Please see the citations at the end of this README.
Usage
Causality Detection
from datasets import load_dataset
dataset = load_dataset("thagen/AltLex", "causality detection")
Causal Candidate Extraction
from datasets import load_dataset
dataset = load_dataset("thagen/AltLex", "causal candidate extraction")
Causality Identification
from datasets import load_dataset
dataset = load_dataset("thagen/AltLex", "causality identification")
Citations
The AltLex paper by Hidey and McKeown, 2016:
@inproceedings{hidey:2016,
title = {Identifying Causal Relations Using Parallel {Wikipedia} Articles},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)},
author = {Hidey, Christopher and McKeown, Kathleen},
year = {2016},
pages = {1424--1433},
publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
doi = {10.18653/v1/P16-1135}
}
UniCausal by Tan et al., 2023 — who's dataformat we used to make AltLex compatible with hf datasets:
@inproceedings{tan:2023,
title = {{{UniCausal}}: {{Unified Benchmark}} and {{Repository}} for {{Causal Text Mining}}},
shorttitle = {{{UniCausal}}},
booktitle = {Big {{Data Analytics}} and {{Knowledge Discovery}} - 25th {{International Conference}}, {{DaWaK}} 2023, {{Penang}}, {{Malaysia}}, {{August}} 28-30, 2023, {{Proceedings}}},
author = {Tan, Fiona Anting and Zuo, Xinyu and Ng, See-Kiong},
editor = {Wrembel, Robert and Gamper, Johann and Kotsis, Gabriele and Tjoa, A. Min and Khalil, Ismail},
year = {2023},
series = {Lecture {{Notes}} in {{Computer Science}}},
volume = {14148},
pages = {248--262},
publisher = {Springer},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-39831-5_23}
}
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