"""
Stage 1: Program Space Sampling

Generate diverse valid implementations of a stub using multiple strategies:
  - Direct sampling from LLMs at various temperatures
  - SFS-inspired scattering (2411.05010): diversify via textual gradient directions
  - Multi-model heterogeneous sampling (AlgoDiv finding: diversity requires multiple models)
  - Concept-guided sampling: steer toward specific concept regions

Supports both API-based models (OpenAI, Anthropic, HF Inference) and local models.
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import re
import time
import logging
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from typing import Any, Optional

from reason_first_program.stub import Stub
from reason_first_program.program_space import Program, ProgramSpace, execute_program

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


@dataclass
class SamplingConfig:
    """Configuration for program sampling."""

    n_samples: int = 100
    temperatures: list[float] = field(
        default_factory=lambda: [0.2, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2]
    )
    models: list[str] = field(
        default_factory=lambda: ["deepseek-coder"]
    )
    prompt_styles: list[str] = field(
        default_factory=lambda: ["direct", "diverse"]
    )
    max_tokens: int = 1024
    timeout_per_execution: float = 5.0
    deduplicate: bool = True
    filter_valid: bool = True


class ModelBackend(ABC):
    """Abstract backend for code generation."""

    @abstractmethod
    def generate(
        self,
        prompt: str,
        temperature: float = 0.8,
        max_tokens: int = 1024,
        n: int = 1,
    ) -> list[str]:
        """Generate n completions for the given prompt."""
        ...

    @property
    @abstractmethod
    def model_id(self) -> str:
        ...


class HFInferenceBackend(ModelBackend):
    """HuggingFace Inference API backend."""

    def __init__(self, model_name: str = "deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-Coder-V2-Lite-Instruct", token: Optional[str] = None):
        self._model_name = model_name
        self._token = token

    @property
    def model_id(self) -> str:
        return self._model_name

    def generate(
        self,
        prompt: str,
        temperature: float = 0.8,
        max_tokens: int = 1024,
        n: int = 1,
    ) -> list[str]:
        try:
            from huggingface_hub import InferenceClient
        except ImportError:
            raise ImportError("pip install huggingface_hub")

        client = InferenceClient(model=self._model_name, token=self._token)
        results = []
        for _ in range(n):
            try:
                response = client.text_generation(
                    prompt,
                    max_new_tokens=max_tokens,
                    temperature=max(temperature, 0.01),
                    do_sample=True,
                )
                results.append(response)
            except Exception as e:
                logger.warning(f"Generation failed: {e}")
                continue
        return results


class OpenAIBackend(ModelBackend):
    """OpenAI API backend."""

    def __init__(self, model_name: str = "gpt-4o", api_key: Optional[str] = None):
        self._model_name = model_name
        self._api_key = api_key

    @property
    def model_id(self) -> str:
        return self._model_name

    def generate(
        self,
        prompt: str,
        temperature: float = 0.8,
        max_tokens: int = 1024,
        n: int = 1,
    ) -> list[str]:
        try:
            import openai
        except ImportError:
            raise ImportError("pip install openai")

        client = openai.OpenAI(api_key=self._api_key)
        try:
            response = client.chat.completions.create(
                model=self._model_name,
                messages=[
                    {"role": "system", "content": "You are an expert Python programmer. Output only the function body, no explanation."},
                    {"role": "user", "content": prompt},
                ],
                temperature=temperature,
                max_tokens=max_tokens,
                n=n,
            )
            return [choice.message.content for choice in response.choices]
        except Exception as e:
            logger.warning(f"OpenAI generation failed: {e}")
            return []


class LocalModelBackend(ModelBackend):
    """Local model backend using transformers."""

    def __init__(self, model_name: str = "deepseek-ai/deepseek-coder-1.3b-instruct", device: str = "auto"):
        self._model_name = model_name
        self._device = device
        self._pipeline = None

    @property
    def model_id(self) -> str:
        return self._model_name

    def _load(self):
        if self._pipeline is None:
            try:
                from transformers import pipeline
            except ImportError:
                raise ImportError("pip install transformers torch")
            self._pipeline = pipeline(
                "text-generation",
                model=self._model_name,
                device_map=self._device,
                trust_remote_code=True,
            )

    def generate(
        self,
        prompt: str,
        temperature: float = 0.8,
        max_tokens: int = 1024,
        n: int = 1,
    ) -> list[str]:
        self._load()
        results = []
        for _ in range(n):
            try:
                out = self._pipeline(
                    prompt,
                    max_new_tokens=max_tokens,
                    temperature=max(temperature, 0.01),
                    do_sample=True,
                    return_full_text=False,
                )
                results.append(out[0]["generated_text"])
            except Exception as e:
                logger.warning(f"Local generation failed: {e}")
        return results


def _extract_function_body(raw_output: str, stub: Stub) -> Optional[str]:
    """
    Extract a clean function body from LLM output.
    Handles markdown code blocks, extra commentary, etc.
    """
    text = raw_output.strip()

    # Remove markdown code fences
    code_block = re.search(r"```(?:python)?\s*\n(.*?)```", text, re.DOTALL)
    if code_block:
        text = code_block.group(1).strip()

    # If the output contains a full function def, extract it
    func_match = re.search(
        rf"def\s+{re.escape(stub.name)}\s*\(.*?\).*?:\s*\n(.*)",
        text,
        re.DOTALL,
    )
    if func_match:
        text = func_match.group(1)

    # Remove any leading/trailing non-code lines
    lines = text.split("\n")
    code_lines = []
    in_code = False
    for line in lines:
        stripped = line.strip()
        if stripped and not stripped.startswith("#") and not in_code:
            in_code = True
        if in_code or stripped.startswith("#"):
            code_lines.append(line)

    if not code_lines:
        return None

    return "\n".join(code_lines)


def _build_full_source(body: str, stub: Stub) -> str:
    """Reconstruct full function source from body and stub signature."""
    # Extract just the def line from the stub source
    for line in stub.source.split("\n"):
        if line.strip().startswith("def "):
            def_line = line
            break
    else:
        def_line = f"def {stub.name}{stub.signature}:"

    # Ensure proper indentation of body
    indented_body = "\n".join(
        f"    {line}" if line.strip() else line for line in body.split("\n")
    )
    return f"{def_line}\n{indented_body}"


class ProgramSampler:
    """
    Basic program sampler: generates completions from a single backend.
    """

    def __init__(self, backend: ModelBackend, config: Optional[SamplingConfig] = None):
        self.backend = backend
        self.config = config or SamplingConfig()

    def sample(self, stub: Stub) -> ProgramSpace:
        """Sample programs for a stub and return a ProgramSpace."""
        space = ProgramSpace(stub)
        samples_per_config = max(
            1,
            self.config.n_samples
            // (len(self.config.temperatures) * len(self.config.prompt_styles)),
        )

        for temp in self.config.temperatures:
            for style in self.config.prompt_styles:
                prompt = stub.to_completion_prompt(style=style)
                logger.info(
                    f"Sampling {samples_per_config} programs "
                    f"(temp={temp}, style={style}, model={self.backend.model_id})"
                )

                raw_outputs = self.backend.generate(
                    prompt=prompt,
                    temperature=temp,
                    max_tokens=self.config.max_tokens,
                    n=samples_per_config,
                )

                for raw in raw_outputs:
                    body = _extract_function_body(raw, stub)
                    if body is None:
                        continue

                    full_source = _build_full_source(body, stub)
                    program = Program(
                        source=body,
                        full_source=full_source,
                        stub_id=stub.stub_id,
                        model_id=self.backend.model_id,
                        metadata={
                            "temperature": temp,
                            "prompt_style": style,
                        },
                    )

                    # Execute and validate
                    if stub.test_inputs:
                        program = execute_program(
                            program, stub, stub.test_inputs,
                            timeout_seconds=self.config.timeout_per_execution,
                        )

                    space.add(program)

        # Post-processing
        if self.config.deduplicate:
            space = space.deduplicate_syntactic()
        if self.config.filter_valid and stub.test_inputs:
            space = space.filter_valid()

        return space


class DiverseSampler:
    """
    Diverse program sampler using multiple backends and SFS-inspired scattering.

    Key insight from AlgoDiv (2503.00691): combining solutions from heterogeneous
    models increases algorithmic diversity more than any single-model technique.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        backends: list[ModelBackend],
        config: Optional[SamplingConfig] = None,
    ):
        self.backends = backends
        self.config = config or SamplingConfig()

    def sample(self, stub: Stub) -> ProgramSpace:
        """Sample from all backends and merge into a single ProgramSpace."""
        space = ProgramSpace(stub)
        samples_per_backend = max(1, self.config.n_samples // len(self.backends))

        for backend in self.backends:
            backend_config = SamplingConfig(
                n_samples=samples_per_backend,
                temperatures=self.config.temperatures,
                models=[backend.model_id],
                prompt_styles=self.config.prompt_styles,
                max_tokens=self.config.max_tokens,
                timeout_per_execution=self.config.timeout_per_execution,
                deduplicate=False,  # We'll deduplicate at the end
                filter_valid=False,
            )
            sampler = ProgramSampler(backend, backend_config)
            backend_space = sampler.sample(stub)

            for program in backend_space.programs:
                space.add(program)

            logger.info(
                f"Backend {backend.model_id}: generated {len(backend_space)} programs"
            )

        # Post-processing across all backends
        if self.config.deduplicate:
            space = space.deduplicate_syntactic()
        if self.config.filter_valid and stub.test_inputs:
            space = space.filter_valid()

        logger.info(
            f"DiverseSampler: {len(space)} total programs "
            f"({len(space.valid_programs)} valid)"
        )
        return space

    def sample_with_scattering(
        self, stub: Stub, n_directions: int = 5
    ) -> ProgramSpace:
        """
        SFS-inspired scattering (2411.05010): first discover diverse algorithmic
        directions, then sample implementations along each direction.
        """
        # Phase 1: Discover algorithmic directions
        scout_backend = self.backends[0]
        direction_prompt = (
            f"Consider this Python function stub:\n\n"
            f"```python\n{stub.source}\n```\n\n"
            f"{stub.constraints.to_prompt_context()}\n\n"
            f"List {n_directions} fundamentally different algorithmic approaches "
            f"to implement this function. For each, give a short name and 1-sentence "
            f"description. Format: '1. NAME: description'"
        )
        direction_outputs = scout_backend.generate(
            direction_prompt, temperature=0.7, n=1
        )

        directions = []
        if direction_outputs:
            for line in direction_outputs[0].split("\n"):
                line = line.strip()
                if line and line[0].isdigit():
                    # Extract direction name
                    match = re.match(r"\d+\.\s*(.+?)(?::|$)", line)
                    if match:
                        directions.append(match.group(1).strip())

        if not directions:
            directions = [
                "iterative approach",
                "recursive approach",
                "functional/map-reduce approach",
                "optimized in-place approach",
                "library-heavy approach",
            ]

        logger.info(f"Discovered {len(directions)} algorithmic directions: {directions}")

        # Phase 2: Sample along each direction
        space = ProgramSpace(stub)
        samples_per_direction = max(
            1, self.config.n_samples // (len(directions) * len(self.backends))
        )

        for direction in directions:
            directed_prompt = (
                f"Complete this Python function using the following approach: "
                f"**{direction}**\n\n"
                f"```python\n{stub.source}\n```\n\n"
                f"{stub.constraints.to_prompt_context()}\n\n"
                f"Only output the function body. Use the {direction} approach."
            )

            for backend in self.backends:
                for temp in self.config.temperatures:
                    raw_outputs = backend.generate(
                        directed_prompt,
                        temperature=temp,
                        max_tokens=self.config.max_tokens,
                        n=samples_per_direction,
                    )

                    for raw in raw_outputs:
                        body = _extract_function_body(raw, stub)
                        if body is None:
                            continue

                        full_source = _build_full_source(body, stub)
                        program = Program(
                            source=body,
                            full_source=full_source,
                            stub_id=stub.stub_id,
                            model_id=backend.model_id,
                            metadata={
                                "temperature": temp,
                                "direction": direction,
                                "prompt_style": "scattered",
                            },
                        )

                        if stub.test_inputs:
                            program = execute_program(
                                program, stub, stub.test_inputs,
                                timeout_seconds=self.config.timeout_per_execution,
                            )

                        space.add(program)

        # Post-processing
        if self.config.deduplicate:
            space = space.deduplicate_syntactic()
        if self.config.filter_valid and stub.test_inputs:
            space = space.filter_valid()

        return space