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| <link rel="modulepreload" href="/docs/diffusers/pr_12652/zh/_app/immutable/chunks/CodeBlock.3dd9a65d.js"><!-- HEAD_svelte-u9bgzb_START --><meta name="hf:doc:metadata" content="{"title":"Metal Performance Shaders (MPS)","local":"metal-performance-shaders-mps","sections":[{"title":"故障排除","local":"故障排除","sections":[{"title":"注意力切片","local":"注意力切片","sections":[],"depth":3},{"title":"批量推理","local":"批量推理","sections":[],"depth":3}],"depth":2}],"depth":1}"><!-- HEAD_svelte-u9bgzb_END --> <p></p> <div class="items-center shrink-0 min-w-[100px] max-sm:min-w-[50px] justify-end ml-auto flex" style="float: right; margin-left: 10px; display: inline-flex; position: relative; z-index: 10;"><div class="inline-flex rounded-md max-sm:rounded-sm"><button class="inline-flex items-center gap-1 h-7 max-sm:h-7 px-2 max-sm:px-1.5 text-sm font-medium text-gray-800 border border-r-0 rounded-l-md max-sm:rounded-l-sm border-gray-200 bg-white hover:shadow-inner dark:border-gray-850 dark:bg-gray-950 dark:text-gray-200 dark:hover:bg-gray-800" aria-live="polite"><span class="inline-flex items-center justify-center rounded-md p-0.5 max-sm:p-0 hover:text-gray-800 dark:hover:text-gray-200"><svg class="sm:size-3.5 size-3" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg></span> <span>Copy page</span></button> <button class="inline-flex items-center justify-center w-6 max-sm:w-5 h-7 max-sm:h-7 disabled:pointer-events-none text-sm text-gray-500 hover:text-gray-700 dark:hover:text-white rounded-r-md max-sm:rounded-r-sm border border-l transition border-gray-200 bg-white hover:shadow-inner dark:border-gray-850 dark:bg-gray-950 dark:text-gray-200 dark:hover:bg-gray-800" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Open copy menu"><svg class="transition-transform text-gray-400 overflow-visible sm:size-3.5 size-3 rotate-0" width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 12 7" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M1 1L6 6L11 1" stroke="currentColor"></path></svg></button></div> </div> <h1 class="relative group"><a id="metal-performance-shaders-mps" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#metal-performance-shaders-mps"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>Metal Performance Shaders (MPS)</span></h1> <blockquote class="tip" data-svelte-h="svelte-ctti2"><p>带有 <img alt="MPS" src="https://img.shields.io/badge/MPS-000000?style=flat&logo=apple&logoColor=white%22"> 徽章的管道表示模型可以利用 Apple silicon 设备上的 MPS 后端进行更快的推理。欢迎提交 <a href="https://github.com/huggingface/diffusers/compare" rel="nofollow">Pull Request</a> 来为缺少此徽章的管道添加它。</p></blockquote> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-y25hik">🤗 Diffusers 与 Apple silicon（M1/M2 芯片）兼容，使用 PyTorch 的 <a href="https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/notes/mps.html" rel="nofollow"><code>mps</code></a> 设备，该设备利用 Metal 框架来发挥 MacOS 设备上 GPU 的性能。您需要具备：</p> <ul data-svelte-h="svelte-cef1u9"><li>配备 Apple silicon（M1/M2）硬件的 macOS 计算机</li> <li>macOS 12.6 或更高版本（推荐 13.0 或更高）</li> <li>arm64 版本的 Python</li> <li><a href="https://pytorch.org/get-started/locally/" rel="nofollow">PyTorch 2.0</a>（推荐）或 1.13（支持 <code>mps</code> 的最低版本）</li></ul> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-171v7e8"><code>mps</code> 后端使用 PyTorch 的 <code>.to()</code> 接口将 Stable Diffusion 管道移动到您的 M1 或 M2 设备上：</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> diffusers <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> DiffusionPipeline | |
| pipe = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained(<span class="hljs-string">"stable-diffusion-v1-5/stable-diffusion-v1-5"</span>) | |
| pipe = pipe.to(<span class="hljs-string">"mps"</span>) | |
| <span class="hljs-comment"># 如果您的计算机内存小于 64 GB，推荐使用</span> | |
| pipe.enable_attention_slicing() | |
| prompt = <span class="hljs-string">"a photo of an astronaut riding a horse on mars"</span> | |
| image = pipe(prompt).images[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>] | |
| image<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <blockquote class="warning" data-svelte-h="svelte-n0f302"><p>PyTorch <a href="https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/notes/mps.html" rel="nofollow">mps</a> 后端不支持大小超过 <code>2**32</code> 的 NDArray。如果您遇到此问题，请提交 <a href="https://github.com/huggingface/diffusers/issues/new/choose" rel="nofollow">Issue</a> 以便我们调查。</p></blockquote> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-7zprdl">如果您使用 <strong>PyTorch 1.13</strong>，您需要通过管道进行一次额外的”预热”传递。这是一个临时解决方法，用于解决首次推理传递产生的结果与后续传递略有不同的问题。您只需要执行此传递一次，并且在仅进行一次推理步骤后可以丢弃结果。</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START --> from diffusers import DiffusionPipeline | |
| pipe = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained("stable-diffusion-v1-5/stable-diffusion-v1-5").to("mps") | |
| pipe.enable_attention_slicing() | |
| prompt = "a photo of an astronaut riding a horse on mars" | |
| # 如果 PyTorch 版本是 1.13，进行首次"预热"传递 | |
| <span class="hljs-addition">+ _ = pipe(prompt, num_inference_steps=1)</span> | |
| # 预热传递后，结果与 CPU 设备上的结果匹配。 | |
| image = pipe(prompt).images[0]<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <h2 class="relative group"><a id="故障排除" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#故障排除"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>故障排除</span></h2> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-ql61eg">本节列出了使用 <code>mps</code> 后端时的一些常见问题及其解决方法。</p> <h3 class="relative group"><a id="注意力切片" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#注意力切片"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>注意力切片</span></h3> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1akzsmv">M1/M2 性能对内存压力非常敏感。当发生这种情况时，系统会自动交换内存，这会显著降低性能。</p> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-g6wzn3">为了防止这种情况发生，我们建议使用<em>注意力切片</em>来减少推理过程中的内存压力并防止交换。这在您的计算机系统内存少于 64GB 或生成非标准分辨率（大于 512×512 像素）的图像时尤其相关。在您的管道上调用 <code>enable_attention_slicing()</code> 函数：</p> <div class="code-block relative "><div class="absolute top-2.5 right-4"><button class="inline-flex items-center relative text-sm focus:text-green-500 cursor-pointer focus:outline-none transition duration-200 ease-in-out opacity-0 mx-0.5 text-gray-600 " title="code excerpt" type="button"><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28,10V28H10V10H28m0-2H10a2,2,0,0,0-2,2V28a2,2,0,0,0,2,2H28a2,2,0,0,0,2-2V10a2,2,0,0,0-2-2Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><path d="M4,18H2V4A2,2,0,0,1,4,2H18V4H4Z" transform="translate(0)"></path><rect fill="none" width="32" height="32"></rect></svg> <div class="absolute pointer-events-none transition-opacity bg-black text-white py-1 px-2 leading-tight rounded font-normal shadow left-1/2 top-full transform -translate-x-1/2 translate-y-2 opacity-0"><div class="absolute bottom-full left-1/2 transform -translate-x-1/2 w-0 h-0 border-black border-4 border-t-0" style="border-left-color: transparent; border-right-color: transparent; "></div> Copied</div></button></div> <pre class=""><!-- HTML_TAG_START --><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> diffusers <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> DiffusionPipeline | |
| <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> torch | |
| pipeline = DiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained(<span class="hljs-string">"stable-diffusion-v1-5/stable-diffusion-v1-5"</span>, torch_dtype=torch.float16, variant=<span class="hljs-string">"fp16"</span>, use_safetensors=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>).to(<span class="hljs-string">"mps"</span>) | |
| pipeline.enable_attention_slicing()<!-- HTML_TAG_END --></pre></div> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-1v632ht">注意力切片将昂贵的注意力操作分多个步骤执行，而不是一次性完成。在没有统一内存的计算机中，它通常能提高约 20% 的性能，但我们观察到在大多数 Apple 芯片计算机中，除非您有 64GB 或更多 RAM，否则性能会<em>更好</em>。</p> <h3 class="relative group"><a id="批量推理" class="header-link block pr-1.5 text-lg no-hover:hidden with-hover:absolute with-hover:p-1.5 with-hover:opacity-0 with-hover:group-hover:opacity-100 with-hover:right-full" href="#批量推理"><span><svg class="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 256 256"><path d="M167.594 88.393a8.001 8.001 0 0 1 0 11.314l-67.882 67.882a8 8 0 1 1-11.314-11.315l67.882-67.881a8.003 8.003 0 0 1 11.314 0zm-28.287 84.86l-28.284 28.284a40 40 0 0 1-56.567-56.567l28.284-28.284a8 8 0 0 0-11.315-11.315l-28.284 28.284a56 56 0 0 0 79.196 79.197l28.285-28.285a8 8 0 1 0-11.315-11.314zM212.852 43.14a56.002 56.002 0 0 0-79.196 0l-28.284 28.284a8 8 0 1 0 11.314 11.314l28.284-28.284a40 40 0 0 1 56.568 56.567l-28.285 28.285a8 8 0 0 0 11.315 11.314l28.284-28.284a56.065 56.065 0 0 0 0-79.196z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></a> <span>批量推理</span></h3> <p data-svelte-h="svelte-uf2gl6">批量生成多个提示可能会导致崩溃或无法可靠工作。如果是这种情况，请尝试迭代而不是批量处理。</p> <a class="!text-gray-400 !no-underline text-sm flex items-center not-prose mt-4" href="https://github.com/huggingface/diffusers/blob/main/docs/source/zh/optimization/mps.md" target="_blank"><svg class="mr-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" fill="currentColor" focusable="false" role="img" width="1em" height="1em" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M31,16l-7,7l-1.41-1.41L28.17,16l-5.58-5.59L24,9l7,7z"></path><path d="M1,16l7-7l1.41,1.41L3.83,16l5.58,5.59L8,23l-7-7z"></path><path d="M12.419,25.484L17.639,6.552l1.932,0.518L14.351,26.002z"></path></svg> <span data-svelte-h="svelte-zjs2n5"><span class="underline">Update</span> on GitHub</span></a> <p></p> | |
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